4.2.8 Lab – Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing (Answers)

Lab – Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing (Instructor Version)

Topology

Addressing Table

VLAN Table

Objectives

• Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings
• Part 2: Create VLANs and Assign Switch Ports
• Part 3: Configure an 802.1Q Trunk between the Switches
• Part 4: Configure Inter-VLAN Routing on the Router
• Part 5: Verify Inter-VLAN Routing is working

Background / Scenario

Modern switches use virtual local-area networks (VLANs) to provide segmentation services traditionally provided by routers in LAN configurations. VLANs address scalability, security, and network management. In general, VLANs make it easier to design a network to support the goals of an organization. Communication between VLANs requires a device operating at Layer 3 of the OSI model. Routers in VLAN topologies provide additional security and traffic flow management.

VLAN trunks are used to span VLANs across multiple devices. Trunks allow the traffic from multiple VLANS to travel over a single link, while keeping the VLAN identification and segmentation intact. A particular kind of inter-VLAN routing, called “Router-On-A-Stick”, uses a trunk from the router to the switch to enable all VLANs to pass to the router.

In this lab, you will create VLANs on both switches in the topology, assign VLANs to switch access ports, verify that VLANs are working as expected, create VLAN trunks between the two switches and between S1 and R1, and configure Inter-VLAN routing on R1 to allow hosts in different VLANs to communicate, regardless of which subnet the host resides.

Note: The routers used with CCNA hands-on labs are Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 (universalk9 image). The switches used in the labs are Cisco Catalyst 2960s with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) (lanbasek9 image). Other routers, switches, and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending on the model and Cisco IOS version, the commands available and the output produced might vary from what is shown in the labs. Refer to the Router Interface Summary Table at the end of the lab for the correct interface identifiers.

Note: Ensure that the routers and switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If you are unsure, contact your instructor.

Required Resources

• 1 Router (Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
• 2 Switches (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable)
• 2 PCs (Windows with a terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
• Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
• Ethernet cables as shown in the topology

Instructions

Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings

In Part 1, you will set up the network topology and configure basic settings on the PC hosts and switches.

Step 1: Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Attach the devices as shown in the topology diagram, and cable as necessary.

Step 2: Configure basic settings for the router.

a. Console into the router and enable privileged EXEC mode.

router> enable

b. Enter configuration mode.

router# config terminal

c. Assign a device name to the router.

router(config)# hostname R1

d. Disable DNS lookup to prevent the router from attempting to translate incorrectly entered commands as though they were host names.

R1(config)# no ip domain-lookup

e. Assign class as the privileged EXEC encrypted password.

R1(config)# enable secret class

f. Assign cisco as the console password and enable login.

R1(config)# line console 0
R1(config-line)# password cisco
R1(config-line)# login

g. Assign cisco as the VTY password and enable login.

R1(config)# line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)# password cisco
R1(config-line)# login

h. Encrypt the plaintext passwords.

R1(config)# service password-encryption

i. Create a banner that warns anyone accessing the device that unauthorized access is prohibited.

R1(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

j. Save the running configuration to the startup configuration file.

R1(config)# exit
R1# copy running-config startup-config

k. Set the clock on the router.

R1# clock set 15:30:00 19 September 2019

Note: Use the question mark (?) to help with the correct sequence of parameters needed to execute this command.

Step 3: Configure basic settings for each switch.

a. Console into the switch and enable privileged EXEC mode.

switch> enable

b. Enter configuration mode.

switch# config terminal

c. Assign a device name to the switch.

switch(config)# hostname S1
switch(config)# hostname S2

d. Disable DNS lookup to prevent the router from attempting to translate incorrectly entered commands as though they were host names.

S1(config)# no ip domain-lookup

S2(config)# no ip domain-lookup

e. Assign class as the privileged EXEC encrypted password.

S1(config)# enable secret class

S2(config)# enable secret class

f. Assign cisco as the console password and enable login.

S1(config)# line console 0
S1(config-line)# password cisco
S1(config-line)# login

S2(config)# line console 0
S2(config-line)# password cisco
S2(config-line)# login

g. Assign cisco as the vty password and enable login.

S1(config)# line vty 0 15
S1(config-line)# password cisco
S1(config-line)# login

S2(config)# line vty 0 15
S2(config-line)# password cisco
S2(config-line)# login

h. Encrypt the plaintext passwords.

S1(config)# service password-encryption

S2(config)# service password-encryption

i. Create a banner that warns anyone accessing the device that unauthorized access is prohibited.

S1(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

S2(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

j. Set the clock on the switch.

S1# clock set 15:30:00 19 September 2019

S2# clock set 15:30:00 19 September 2019

Note: Use the question mark (?) to help with the correct sequence of parameters needed to execute this command.

k. Copy the running configuration to the startup configuration.

S1# copy running-config startup-config

S2# copy running-config startup-config

Step 4: Configure PC hosts.

Refer to the Addressing Table for PC host address information.

Part 2: Create VLANs and Assign Switch Ports

In Part 2, you will create VLANs, as specified in the table above, on both switches. You will then assign the VLANs to the appropriate interface. The show vlan command is used to verify your configuration settings. Complete the following tasks on each switch.

Step 1: Create VLANs on both switches.

a. Create and name the required VLANs on each switch from the table above.

S1(config)# vlan 3
S1(config-vlan)# name Management
S1(config-vlan)# vlan 4
S1(config-vlan)# name Operations
S1(config-vlan)# vlan 7
S1(config-vlan)# name ParkingLot
S1(config-vlan)# vlan 8
S1(config-vlan)# name Native

S2(config)# vlan 3
S2(config-vlan)# name Management
S2(config-vlan)# vlan 4
S2(config-vlan)# name Operations
S2(config-vlan)# vlan 7
S2(config-vlan)# name ParkingLot
S1(config-vlan)# vlan 8
S1(config-vlan)# name Native

b. Configure the management interface and default gateway on each switch using the IP address information in the Addressing Table.

S1(config)# interface vlan 3
S1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.3.11 255.255.255.0
S1(config-if)# no shutdown
S1(config-if)# exit
S1(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.3.1

S2(config)# interface vlan 3
S2(config-if)# ip address 192.168.3.12 255.255.255.0
S2(config-if)# no shutdown
S2(config-if)# exit
S2(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.3.1

c. Assign all unused ports on both switches to the ParkingLot VLAN, configure them for static access mode, and administratively deactivate them.

Note: The interface range command is helpful to accomplish this task with as few commands as necessary.

S1(config)# interface range f0/2 - 4 , f0/7 - 24 , g0/1 - 2
S1(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
S1(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 7
S1(config-if-range)# shutdown

S2(config)# interface range f0/2 - 17, f0/19 - 24 , g0/1 - 2
S2(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
S2(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 7
S2(config-if-range)# shutdown

Step 2: Assign VLANs to the correct switch interfaces.

a. Assign used ports to the appropriate VLAN (specified in the VLAN table above) and configure them for static access mode. Be sure to do this on both switches

S1(config)# interface f0/6
S1(config-if)# switchport mode access
S1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3

S2(config)# interface f0/18
S2(config-if)# switchport mode access
S2(config-if)# switchport access vlan 4

b. Issue the show vlan brief command and verify that the VLANs are assigned to the correct interfaces.

S1# show vlan brief
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/5
3    Management                       active    Fa0/6
4    Operations                       active
7    ParkingLot                       active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/7
                                                Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11
                                                Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15
                                                Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19
                                                Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23
                                                Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2
8    Native                           active
<output omitted>

S2# show vlan brief
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/1
3    Management                       active
4    Operations                       active    Fa0/18
7    ParkingLot                       active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
                                                Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
                                                Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2
8    Native                           active
<output omitted>

Part 3: Configure an 802.1Q Trunk Between the Switches

In Part 3, you will manually configure interface F0/1 as a trunk.

Step 1: Manually configure trunk interface F0/1.

a. Change the switchport mode on interface F0/1 to force trunking. Make sure to do this on both switches.

S1(config)# interface f0/1
S1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

S2(config)# interface f0/1
S2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

b. As a part of the trunk configuration, set the native VLAN to 8 on both switches. You may see error messages temporarily while the two interfaces are configured for different native VLANs.

S1(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 8

S2(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 8

c. As another part of trunk configuration, specify that VLANs 3, 4, and 8 are only allowed to cross the trunk.

S1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 3,4,8
S2(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 3,4,8

d. Issue the show interfaces trunk command to verify trunking ports, the Native VLAN and allowed VLANs across the trunk.

S1# show interfaces trunk

Port        Mode             Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan
Fa0/3       on               802.1q         trunking      8

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk
Fa0/3       3-4,8

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Fa0/3       3-4,8

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Fa0/3       3-4,8
S2#show interfaces trunk

Port        Mode             Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan
Fa0/1       on               802.1q         trunking      8

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk
Fa0/1       3-4,8

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Fa0/1       3-4,8

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Fa0/1       3-4,8

Step 2: Manually configure S1’s trunk interface F0/5

a. Configure the F0/5 on S1 with the same trunk parameters as F0/1. This is the trunk to the router.

S1(config)# interface f0/5
S1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
S1(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 8
S1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 3,4,8

b. Save the running configuration to the startup configuration file on S1 and S2.

S1# copy running-config startup-config
S2# copy running-config startup-config

c. Issue the show interfaces trunk command to verify trunking.

Why does F0/5 not appear in the list of trunks?

Part 4: Configure Inter-VLAN Routing on the Router

a. Activate interface G0/0/1 on the router.

R1(config)# interface g0/0/1
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit

b. Configure sub-interfaces for each VLAN as specified in the IP addressing table. All sub-interfaces use 802.1Q encapsulation. Ensure the sub-interface for the native VLAN does not have an IP address assigned. Include a description for each sub-interface.

R1(config)# interface g0/0/1.3
R1(config-subif)# description Management Network
R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 3
R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# interface g0/0/1.4
R1(config-subif)# description Operations Network
R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 4
R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# interface g0/0/1.8
R1(config-subif)# description Native VLAN
R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 8 native

c. Use the show ip interface brief command to verify the sub-interfaces are operational.

R1# show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0   unassigned      YES unset  up                    up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1   unassigned      YES unset  up                    up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3 192.168.3.1     YES manual up                    up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.4 192.168.4.1     YES manual up                    up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.8 unassigned      YES unset  up                    up
<output omitted>

Part 5: Verify Inter-VLAN Routing is Working

Step 1: Complete the following tests from PC-A. All should be successful.

Note: You may have to disable the PC firewall for pings to be successful.

a. Ping from PC-A to its default gateway.

b. Ping from PC-A to PC-B

c. Ping from PC-A to S2

Step 2: Complete the following test from PC-B.

From the command prompt on PC-B, issue the tracert command to the address of PC-A.

What intermediate IP addresses are shown in the results?

Router Interface Summary Table

Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the type of router and how many interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each router class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device. The table does not include any other type of interface, even though a specific router may contain one. An example of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis is the legal abbreviation that can be used in Cisco IOS commands to represent the interface.

Device Configs – Final

Switch S1

S1# show run
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 3128 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 21:13:27 UTC Thu Sep 19 2019
!
version 15.2
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
service password-encryption
!
hostname S1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$mjNn$IB.7cD5jpb2CpFN72u.w81
!
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 3,4,8
 switchport trunk native vlan 8
 switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 3,4,8
 switchport trunk native vlan 8
 switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
 switchport access vlan 3
 switchport mode access
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/13
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/14
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/15
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/16
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/17
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/19
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/21
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/22
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/23
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/24
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface Vlan1
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface Vlan3
 ip address 192.168.3.11 255.255.255.0
!
ip default-gateway 192.168.3.1
ip http server
ip http secure-server
!
banner motd ^C Authorized Users Only! ^C
!
line con 0
 password 7 104D000A0618
 login
line vty 0 4
 password 7 104D000A0618
 login
line vty 5 15
 password 7 104D000A0618
 login
!
end

Switch S2

S2# show run
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 3096 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 21:14:03 UTC Thu Sep 19 2019
!
version 15.2
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
service password-encryption
!
hostname S2
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$xNwL$Yvok3XJfU3OAjd91Jl6m2.
!
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport trunk allowed vlan 3,4,8
 switchport trunk native vlan 8
 switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/13
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/14
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/15
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/16
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/17
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
 switchport access vlan 4
 switchport mode access
!
interface FastEthernet0/19
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/21
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/22
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/23
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/24
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
 switchport access vlan 7
 switchport mode access
 shutdown
!
interface Vlan1
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface Vlan3
 ip address 192.168.3.12 255.255.255.0
!
ip default-gateway 192.168.3.1
ip http server
ip http secure-server
!
banner motd ^C Authorized Users Only! ^C
!
line con 0
 password 7 01100F175804
 login
line vty 0 4
 password 7 01100F175804
 login
line vty 5 15
 password 7 01100F175804
 login
!
end

Router R1

R1# show run
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 1940 bytes
!
version 16.9
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
service password-encryption
platform qfp utilization monitor load 80
no platform punt-keepalive disable-kernel-core
!
hostname R1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
vrf definition Mgmt-intf
!
 address-family ipv4
 exit-address-family
!
 address-family ipv6
 exit-address-family
!
enable secret 5 $1$o5iu$mWblQ/HSFMXl8z3PGLI../
!
no aaa new-model
!
no ip domain lookup
!
login on-success log
!
subscriber templating
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
license boot level appxk9
license boot level securityk9
no license smart enable
diagnostic bootup level minimal
!
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
redundancy
 mode none
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 no ip address
 negotiation auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 no ip address
 negotiation auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3
 description Management Network
 encapsulation dot1Q 3
 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.4
 description Operations Network
 encapsulation dot1Q 4
 ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.8
 description Native VLAN
 encapsulation dot1Q 8 native
!
interface Serial0/1/0
 no ip address
!
interface Serial0/1/1
 no ip address
!
interface GigabitEthernet0
 vrf forwarding Mgmt-intf
 no ip address
 negotiation auto
!
ip forward-protocol nd
no ip http server
ip http secure-server
!
control-plane
!
banner motd ^C Authorized Users Only! ^C
!
line con 0
 password 7 01100F175804
 login
 transport input none
 stopbits 1
line aux 0
 stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
 password 7 070C285F4D06
 login
!
end

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